很多人遇到主謂一致，就“犯糊涂”，一動(dòng)筆做題，就出問題，歸根結(jié)底是沒有真正理解這種主謂關(guān)系。小庫今天就給大家解析主謂一致中的“表里不一”現(xiàn)象，大家可以參考學(xué)習(xí)。

含義：主謂一致，即謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上要和主語保持一致。

分類：主謂一致包括語法一致、意義一致和就近一致。

（一）語法一致

主謂一致最基本的就是語法一致原則，即作主語的名詞詞組中心詞和謂語動(dòng)詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。如：

Few students are (be) really lazy.

Every girl comes (come) on time.

【注意】常見的幾種語法一致情況：

1. 不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。

To work hard is necessary.

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.

How you get there is a problem.

2. each, every, either, one, another, neither以及由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

Each takes a cup of tea.Either is correct.

Neither plan suits me.Nothing but trees was to be seen.

3. 不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

The news at six o’clock is true.

（二）意義一致

有時(shí)，主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系并非取決于語法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，而是取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義。比如有時(shí)主語在語法形式上并非復(fù)數(shù)，但有復(fù)數(shù)意義，隨后的動(dòng)詞便用復(fù)數(shù)；反之，主語在語法形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而在意義上可視為單數(shù)，隨后的動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。

The police have (have) not made any arrests. / Fifty-six dollars was (be) stolen.

1. 集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況

集體名詞在句中指整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；在句中意指其具體成員，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

這類集體名詞包括：army, audience, class, committee, crowd, crew, family, group, team, party, company, government, jury等。

My family is going to have a long journey. 我家要進(jìn)行一次長途旅行。

My family are fond of music. 我的家人都喜歡音樂。

【注意】

（1）作復(fù)數(shù)的集合名詞，如people, police, cattle等作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

（2）作不可數(shù)名詞的集合名詞，如furniture, equipment, machinery等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜捕他。

All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 這家工廠所有的機(jī)器都是中國制造的。

2. the + 形容詞（或過去分詞）作主語時(shí)，常指一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

The young are usually very active. 年輕人通常是很活躍的。

The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 現(xiàn)在傷員們在這里受到了很好的照顧。

3. 學(xué)科名稱作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況

某些學(xué)科名稱雖是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但這些詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。

這些詞包括：electronics（電子學(xué)），mechanics（力學(xué)），classics（古典文學(xué)），linguistics（語言學(xué)），economics（經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)），statistics（統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)），physics（物理學(xué)），mathematics（數(shù)學(xué)）等。

Electronics is a piece of cake to him. 電子學(xué)對他來說很簡單。

【注意】以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞如果表示的是一門學(xué)科，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果指特定事物，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如economics表示學(xué)科“經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)”時(shí)為單數(shù)，表示“經(jīng)濟(jì)情況”時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)，需要結(jié)合語境進(jìn)行區(qū)分。

4. 表示書名、報(bào)名、劇名、國名等的名詞或詞組作主語時(shí)，主語與謂語動(dòng)詞一致。

表示書名、報(bào)名、劇名、國名等的名詞（或詞組）作主語時(shí)，如只指一種、一本或一個(gè)，謂語動(dòng)詞只用單數(shù)形式。

The New York Times is not available here. 這里沒有《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》。

The United States was founded in 1776. 美國建于1776年。

5. 表示時(shí)間、距離、度量、價(jià)值的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)情況。

這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如表示抽象概念，被視作一整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如表示具體的多少，強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Eighty miles was covered in a single night. 一夜之間就走了八十英里。

Twenty years have passed since his parents died. 他父母去世已經(jīng)二十年了。

（三）特殊一致

1. 就近原則

謂語與靠近的名詞、代詞（有時(shí)不一定是主語）在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。主要包括：there be句型，以及有連詞or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not… but…等連接的并列成分。如：

There is (be) a teacher and three students in the classroom. 教室里有一名老師和三名學(xué)生。

Not you but your father is (be) to blame. 是你的父親而不是你應(yīng)受到指責(zé)。

2. 就遠(yuǎn)原則

謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于離它較遠(yuǎn)的詞語的情況。

主要是指主語后面有with, together with, as well as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, but, except, including, in addition to等短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞不受這些短語的影響，仍然與主語保持一致。如：

The teacher as well as the students was (be) reading in the library. 老師和學(xué)生都在圖書館讀書。

The factory, including its machines, was (be) completely damaged in the fire.

這個(gè)工廠以及里面的機(jī)器在火災(zāi)中毀于一旦。

附：其他常見規(guī)則

活學(xué)巧用

1. Many a man____ that life is empty without any purpose.

A. think B. have thought

C. thinks D. are thinking

2.All that can be done____.

A. have been done B. have done

C. has been done D. has done

3. “Who has been planning the dance?”

” Everyone in the club____.”

A. is B. are C. have D. has

4.The tenth and the last chapter____ translated by Mr. Robinson.

A. are B. was C. is D. has been

5. Brown as well as two of his classmates____ invited to the party.

A. are B. was

C. were D. have been

6. Not all the children will visit____ parents on Sunday.

A. his B. its C. their D. her

7. lt’s the custom that each boy and girl____given a gift on Christmas Day.

A is B.are C. were D. was

8.The number of students in a foreign language class____usually limited to no more than thirty.

A.have B.are C. is D. were

9. Ten minutes____an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.

A. seemed B.is seeming

C.seem D.seems

10. Not only Tom but also his wife____ fond of watching television.

A.are B. were C.be D.was

11. I, who ____your best friend, will always stand with you.

A. is B. am C.be D. are

12. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth____sea.

A.is B. are C.were D. has been

13. The replacemnt of shops such as the grocer’s and chemist’s by cafes____ the housewives with insufficient facilities in shopping.

A.leave B. have left

C. has left D. is leaving

14. Twenty miles____a long way to cover.

A. have been B.is

C. are D. were

15. One of his works____ written in French last year.

A. was B. were

C. are D. would be

16. One or perhaps more pages____.

A. is missing B. was missing

C. has been mised D. are missing

17. Hard work and plain living ____characteristics of the working people.

A. is B.has bcon C. were D. are

18. Another five weeks____necessary for us to finish the work .

A.are B.was

C.is D.will have been

19. In the room____a big table and a great many chairs.

A. they are found B.are found

C.is found D. has been found

20. What they have done____ useful to the people.

A. are considered B. is considered

C. were considered D. will be considered

21. Jim is the only one of the staff members who____ to be promoted.

A. are B.have been

C. is D. has been

22. The assistant and graduate student____check the exercise books.

A. helps B. help

C. helping D. to help

23. Going to bed early and getting up early ____ a good habit.

A.is B.are C. were D. was

24. I have eleven novels. Nine of them are Chinese, and____are English.

A. others B. the others

C. the other D. another

25. Never____ our country been so prosperous as it is today.

A. has B. have C. does D. do

26. A knife and fork____on the table.

A. is B.are C. has D. have

27. A series of debates between the lectures____scheduled for the next weekend.

A. were B.are

C. have been D. was

28. Collecting stamps, playing chess and____are Mary’s hobbies.

A. to catch butterflies

B. catching butterflies

C. caught butterflies

D. catch butterflies

29. Writing stories and articles____ what I enjoy most.

A. are B. were C. was D. is

30. Mathematics____the language of science.

A. are B. are going to be

C. is D. is going to be

答案：

1.C 2. C 3. D 4. A 5. B 6.C 7.A 8.C 9. D 10. D

11.B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B

21. C 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C